Nheyo dzakakosha uye terminology yekudhinda mavara manejimendi

Mavara emavara akagoverwa nemafekitori ekudhinda akawanda uye akawanda ekudhinda, uye nheyo dzekutanga uye hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwekutonga kwemavara zvave zivo yedu inodiwa. Iyo system inodzora maitiro edu ekugadzira uye anowana zvinangwa zvedu zvemhando yepamusoro.

1. Nheyo yemavara ekutanga

.

[Isingaoneki mwenje] pazasi 380nm iltraviolet mwenje, X {{} ray, cosmic rays, nezvimwewo.; pamusoro pe720nm inonzi Infrared Rays, microwave rays, radar rays, radio radiys, nezvimwe.

[Zuva] zuva rinovhenekera mwenje unooneka uye chisingaonekwi chiedza. Zvekuita kweziso revanhu, mwenje wave wave kubva 400nm kusvika ku500nm chiedza chiedza, 500nm kusvika 600nm is green light, uye 600nm kusvika 700nm yakachena mwenje

. Chiedza chitsvuku (R) + Green Chiedza (g)= yejira mwenje (y), bhuruu mwenje (b) (b) + (b) + Kana zvikamu zvakaenzana zvemavara matatu ekutanga echiedza chakabatanidzwa, chena mwenje uchaonekwa. Cyan (c), Magenta (m), uye yero (y) mwenje ndiwo mavara ezvitsvuku (r), green (g) uye bhuruu (b) mwenje, zvichiteerana. Kusanganisa chero maviri maviri emavara anopesana anogadzirawo chena mwenje.

. Kuwedzera mimvuri miviri yechiedza kunoburitsa ruvara runopenya, nepo miviri mizhinji yakasanganiswa kuti iburitse ruvara ruramba nekuti iyo pigment inotora imwe yemwenje inoonekwa. Zvezvinoshorwa, kusanganisa kwemavara matatu ekutanga clemm mune iyo pigment inogona kuburitsa chero ruvara, kusanganisira dema; Muchokwadi, kusanganisa kwavo kuchangoburitsa mavara ezvikamu, uye kusanganiswa kweiyo huwandu hwakaenzana hweCMY zvinongoburitsa zvakasviba, kwete dema. Icho chikonzero ndechekuti pigment yanhasi haina kunyatsoziva, saka dema uye mavara mavara anodiwa mukudhinda mukudhinda kuzadza kupfupikisa uku.

2. Hukama pakati pemahara akasiyana emhando

Rgb maitiro

Iyo inoumbwa nemavara matatu echiedza, tsvuku, girini uye yebhuruu, uye inonyanya kushandiswa mukuratidzira kweiyo mongoro screen, saka inonzi zvakare iyo color light mode. Chiedza chemhando imwe neimwe chakakamurwa kuita makumi maviri neshanu kusvika ku05 kusvika ku255, 0 zvinoreva kuti hapana mwenje wakadai, 255 zvinoreva mamiriro ezvinhu akaiswa kwazvo echiedza ichi, nekudaro achiumba rombo reruvara rwechiedza. Dema imo nekuti hapana kana imwe yemarambi matatu inopenya. Iwo matatu majenji maRay anowedzerwa mumaviri kuumba Cyan, Magenta, uye yero. Iyo yakasimba mwenje, iyo inopenya iyo ruvara, uye pakupedzisira, iyo matatu RGB mwenje pamwe yakachena, saka iyo rgb mode inodaidzwa inonzi nzira yekuwedzera.

CMYK maitiro

Iyo yakaumbwa nerechiss yemavara mana eCyan, magenta, yero uye dema, uye inonyanya kushandiswa mune yakadhindwa nyaya, saka inonzi zvakare color maitiro maitiro.

Huwandu hweimwe ink hwakashandiswa kubva ku0% kusvika ku100%, uye mamwe mavara anogadzirwa nekusanganisa matatu maCMY, ayo ari mutsvuku, girini, uye bhuruu. Sezvo iyo nhatu maCMY isingakwanise kuumba yakasviba yakasviba mukudhinda, iyo yakaparadzaniswa dema ink k inodiwa, nekudaro ichigadzira iyo color yekunyora nzira yeCMYK. Iyo yakakura huwandu hweinki, inorema uye yakasviba ruvara; zvakare, idiki huwandu hweinki, iyo inopenya ruvara. Kana pasina inki, iwe unoona mapepa chena asina kana chakadhindwa pairi, saka iyo CMYK maitiro inonzi yakanyorwa ruvara.

Lab mode

Iyo ndiyo nzira yekufunga kwekurekodha ruvara rwechiedza.

Cie (Commission Internationle de L'Eclirage) ndiyo chidimbu cheSangano Renyika Dzese Inosimbisa, iyo inogadzira mitemo yenyika yekuyera mavara uye kuyera mavara mavara.

Cie akagadzira l *, a * uye b * kukosha kuyera kukosha kweruvara, iyi nzira yekuyera inonzi CieLB.

L * inomiririra kureruka, iyo inosiyana kubva kune yakajeka (panguva ino l *=100) kusviba (panguva ino l * {1} {{1} Iyo ye * kukosha inomiririra shanduko yemavara kubva kugirini (- *) kutsvuka (+ a * is a *) Uchishandisa iyi system, chero ruvara runogona kuwana chinzvimbo chinoenderana pane chati yayo.

△ e: chinhambwe pakati peCie l * A * b * color conces inomiririra mavara maviri, gadzira huwandu hwerudzi rwemavara, kazhinji mune imwe yunifomu chromaticity nzvimbo. Change δE. The l, a, b uye एe tsika pane yakadhindwa nyaya inogona kuyerwa uchishandisa iyo spectrovensitometer chaiyo.

3. Iyo color gamangwana hukama hwemhando nhatu

Ruvara rumwe nerimwe rune huwandu hwayo hune ruvara, runonzi ruvara rwejut.

Pakati pemhando nhatu yemavara eRGB, CMYK uye Lab, lab ine ruvara rukuru rweGamut, iyo inosanganisira zvese zvinoonekwa ziso remunhu. Ruvara ruvara rwunoona runyorwa runobva kuWavelength. Izvo izvo ziso revanhu rinogona kuona rutsvuku, orenji, yero, girini, yebhuruu, yebhuruu uye yepepuru. Iwo magumo maviri emarara aya anosanganisirawo infrared marangi uye ultravihelet riys, uye mawlength Mune mamwe mazwi, chero bedzi tichigona kuona mwenje, lab inosanganisira iyo. Iyo lab color nzvimbo ndeye murevereri wekushandurwa kwemavara pakati pezvisikwa zvakasiyana {} decustent color nzvimbo, uye chishandiso {} des} nzvimbo nzvimbo. Ruvara runomiririrwa neye lab kukosha kwakasiyana. Naizvozvo, iyo lab color color inzvimbo yakabatana yemhando yemavara emhando yemavara, uye ndiyo musimboti weICC mufananidzo (ruvara rwemhando yefaira).

MuLab, RAGB Colour inosanganisirwa, kureva kuti ruvara gamut yeRGB idiki pane lab. Izvi zvakare zvinotiudza kuti havasi vese mavara anogona kuratidzwa pane kuratidzwa, akadai segoridhe, mamwe mavara ezizi, uye zvichingodaro. Imwe nzvimbo mukati meiyo lab ndeye cmky. Kazhinji, ruvara gamut we cmky idiki pane iyo yeRGB, uye chikamu chakafungidzirwa chevhudzi rwemavara maviri anowira pasi, asi mamwe mavara muCMYK ari kunze kweRGB. Izvi zvinotiudzawo kuti mamwe mavara akadhindwa haaratidzi zvakanaka pane mutambi.

Mubasa chairo, unogona kunge wakasarudza ruvara runogutsa kwazvo pachiratidziro, uye ruvara urwu runofanira kunge rwuri mukati meRGB, kunze kweCMYK. Paunofanirwa kudhinda ichi chifananidzo, iwe unofanirwa kukuyeuchidza kuti vese vanodhinda ndeye cmyk, uye printer ichangozvisima iyo RGB ruvara kukosha kune iyo yepedyo CMYK kukosha. Uku kushandurwa kunoguma nemusiyano weruvara urwo pakati pemavara akadhindwa uye ruvara rwakaratidzwa. Kunze kwezvikanganiso zvezvinhu zvese zvekunze zvakaita sevadhinda, monitors, nezvimwe, uyu mutsauko wanga uchiri kusakwanisa. Naizvozvo, patinoita mufananidzo, tinofanira kusarudza nenzira kwayo nzira inoenderana yemhando zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvinobuda.

Zvinogona kunyatsoonekwa kubva pamufananidzo pazasi kuti mushure mekushandura iyo RGB mode kuCMYK maitiro, mutsauko wevara zviri pachena.

Chikamu chepamusoro chemufananidzo ndiyo standard rgb matatu mavara, uye chikamu chepazasi ndiko kuchinja mushure mekutendeuka kuCMYK. Iwe unogona kuita izvi zviyeu pachako: Shandisa Photoshop yekuzadza iyo RGB chifananidzo ine matatu color block: R255, g255, wobva wadzvanya Ctrl + Y.

4. Kushandiswa kweChromatic Aberration Delta {{1} e (δe)

1. Cie lab

Iyo lab color nzvimbo yakavakirwa pane dzidziso yekuti ruvara harugone kuve rwechipiri rwebhuruu uye yero panguva imwe chete. Naizvozvo, kukosha kumwechete kunogona kushandiswa kutsanangura iyo tsvuku / yakasvibira uye yero / yebhuruu zviratidzo. Kana ruvara rwushandisa cie l * a * b *, l * inomiririra kukosha kwechiedza; A * inomiririra iyo tsvuku / yakasvibira kukosha uye b * inomiririra iyo yero / yebhuruu kukosha.

Ongorora: Cie lab e Unike Rudzi mutsauko △ l + zvinoreva chena, △ l {{1} zvinoreva dema,

Cie lch

Iyo Cie lch colour modhi inoshandisa iyo yakafanana ruvara nzvimbo se l * a * b *, asi inoshandisa l nekuda kwekukosha kweremhene; C kukosha kwesimba uye h kune cylindrical kuronga kweiyo hue knole kukosha.

2. Nzira yekufunga kurongeka kwemavara uchishandisa delta {{1} e (δE) kuyerwa

Izvozvi zvatinoziva ndeupi kurongeka kwemavara ndiko uye izvo vanhu vanotarisira kubva pazviri, isu tinofanira kuziva kuti vangaziva sei kurongeka kwemavara? Kazhinji, muindasitiri yekudhinda, vanhu vanofarira kushandisa delta {} e- e} e} e} e} e} e} e} e} e} e} e}

3. Chii chinonzi delta {{}} e (δe) kuyerwa?

Zviyero zvakawanda zvemavara zvinoitwa nezviridzwa zvinoyera CieLB (nzira yekurongedzerwa ruvara ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa neyechikamu) tsika. Kuenzanisa pakati pemavara kunoitwa nekufananidza mathemeducing iyo maviri seti yeCielum mhinduro, pamwe nekuverengera kuverenga mutsauko pakati pavo. Iko kukosha kunoshandiswa kutsanangura mutsauko kunonzi delta {{2}. Kunyangwe Delta - inogona kutorwa arithmetically, inowanzotsanangurwa sevasina mutsauko mudiki muvara uye hue kuti ziso revanhu rinogona kuona. Nekuda kwekubatanidza pakati peDelta - e uye hunhu hwevanhu, iyo} e} e} e} e} e} e} Muindasitiri yekudhinda, delta - e pakati pe3 ne6 inowanzoonekwa inogamuchirika.

Nepo zviyero ne delta - e}} e}} Asi pane nguva dzose imwe chiyero, chii chinonzi standard delta {{2} e} e. Munguva yekushanda kwemuchina, iyo sampling nguva yekudhinda yakanaka yekutengeserana haifanirwe kusiyana kubva ku3 kusvika ku6 delta {}} e} e} e} e} Delta {{7} E}

4. Mavara mhedzisiro mune dzakasiyana delta {{1} e marangi:

[Ko δe Kukosha ndeye 1.6 {{2} 3.2] Ziso revanhu haigone kusiyanisa mutsauko weruvara, izvo zvinowanzoonekwa semavara akafanana. Kune chete vashoma vashoma-giredhi madzitiridzo pano, vakadai se ezozo ezozo uye mamwe marudzi anogona kuzviita;

Kukosha [kaye kwakakosha 3.2-6.5] Vanhu vane hunyanzvi vakadzidziswa vanogona kusiyanisa mutsauko, asi vanhuwo zvavo havagone kucherechedza mutsauko, uye fungidziro yacho yakafanana.

[Kingare kukosha ndeye 6.5-13] Musiyano weruvara unogona kuoneka, asi zvinogona kutariswa seyakafanana hue;

.

Zvichienderana neiyi, zvibereko zvemberi zvinogona kusangana zvakanyanya pane 3 kusvika ku6 delta {} unitengozi Kana basa rekudhinda rinopfuura zviyero zvekambani zvekambani, chinhu chakachenjera chekuita ndechekumira kudhinda uye kuedza kuona chikonzero chehusimbiso. Mushure mekukonzera kwakazivikanwa uye kugadzirisa, basa rekudhinda rinogona kuenderera mberi.

5. Delta {{1} e (δE) ruvara mutsauko (

- Cielab (1976) yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukudhinda kwekudhinda

{{0} cie2000 yakajeka ruvara mutsauko (zvichibva pane yakavandudzwa vhezheni yeCiel yeCiel), inotsanangurwa seyakajairika

- cmc inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukudhinda uye indasitiri yekudyira

{{0} cie94 inoiswa munhamba yemuchina

5. Ruvara rwechiyero maitiro

Kushandiswa kweM Kuyera Modes M0, M1, M2 uye M3

• Zvinonzwisisika, imwe neimwe yekushandisa kesi yekuyera marambi mamiriro ezvinhu akajeka

• M0 inokodzera kushandiswa kana isina substrate kana iyo yekufungidzira ine colant ine Optical inopenya.

• M1 yakakodzera kune substrates kana kufungidzira colorant, kana ese ari maviri ane mapenzi ezvipembenene. Zvakare zvakakodzera kuti substrates ine fluorescence, fluorescence zvivakwa zvinoda kuunganidzwa, uye kufungidzira colant kunogona kuvimba kuti haina fluorescence.

• M2 yakashandiswa papa pepa fluorescence, asi zvakare yaida kubvisa mhedzisiro ye data.

• M3 inoshandiswa kune zvakakosha zvinangwa zvinofanirwa kufungidzirwa kwekutanga kwekutanga kunofanirwa kuderedzwa, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwechiedza chakaparara.

6. Density Standard Sarudzo

Iso t - mamiriro

Iyo t-

ISO E Status

Iyo e e european standard uye inoshandisa tratten tratten mhando yefaira, iyo ine yakakwira yero kuverenga ichienzaniswa neT State.

Iso chimiro

Chimiro chinowanzoshandiswa muOroto, kutumira mabhuku, uye maindasitiri ekupedza.

Iso i mamiriro

Zvakananga zvakagadzirirwa kuyera tn {}}} ruvara mavara papepa. Kusapindirana kushoma kunogona kuitika kana kuyera kwete {} tricolor inks.

Xrite G Status

X {{0} rite yakafara

Iyo inowanzo shandiswa kuyerwa mamiriro mune yangu yekudhinda yenyika ndiyo iso t State, iyo zvakare iyo yekuyevedza chiyero mamiriro ezvinhu zviwanikwa zvizhinji. Zvinoshanda zvinoshanda, isu tinofanirawo kutarisisa kune iyo mhando yekuongorora zvinodiwa, uye sarudza iyo yekupedzisira chiyero mamiriro maererano nemhando chaiyo yekuongorora zvinodiwa.

7. Ruvara Management Terminology

1. Metamerism

Kana maviri mavara anoratidza iwo mavara akafanana pasi peimwe mwenje wechiedza, asi pasi peimwe nzvimbo yechiedza, mavara avo akasiyana, chiitiko ichi "metamerism".

2. Coltemperer

Kana chinhu chakatsikwa, iyo ruvara mwenje inoburitswa inoyerwa. Tembiricha yemavara inowanzoratidzwa mumhepo tembiricha kana kelvin degrees. Tembiricha yakaderera seyakaderera ndeye 2400℃k, tembiricha yakakwirira yakadai sebhuruu ndeye 9300℃k, uye isina kwayakarerekera tembiricha yakadai sey grey ndeye 6500℃k.

3. Opacity

Iyo yokuhwanda indekisi yemagetsi inogona kuratidza kugona kwekuvhara kweinobatanidza inki kune substrate. Kana simba rekuhwanda rakakwira, rinoreva kuti pendi kana inki hazvisi nyore kuchinja nekuda kwerudzi rwechikamu panguva yekunyora.

4. Colorimeter

Chimbo chechokwadi chekuyera chinoyera chinofanidza meso emeso emeso kune tsvuku, girini, uye yebhuruu mwenje.

5. Kurudziro / Spectral Curve

Girafu rinoratidza kuratidzwa kwechinhu chevakasiyana mazororo echiedza.

6. D50

Inoratidza cie chiyero chekuvhenekera nemavara tembiricha ye5000℃K. Muindasitiri yekudhinda, iyi tembiricha yemavara inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuita mabhokisi ekutarisa mwenje.

7. Kurudziro

Tsanangura chikamu chechiedza chinoratidzwa kubva pamusoro pechinhu. Uchishandisa spectrophotometer, kuratidzwa kwezvinhu zvakaringana mumisangano yakasiyana pamwe chete neyekuonekera inogona kuyerwa. Kana iyo inoonekwa spectrissa uye kuratidzwa ndiko kuenzanisa, ruvara rwechinhu chinogona kukweverwa.